tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72228622540319431062024-03-14T00:54:52.168-07:00Shell and Perlhe pedals thru little events ordinary things, testing, movies, photography, tamil, linux, வைரமுத்து-தாசன், One small voice Ellesworth Monkton Toohay.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger28125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-71210765167564347602018-10-17T08:17:00.001-07:002018-10-17T08:18:23.775-07:00Splunk - mvcombine command - convert rows to columns<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hi All,<br />
<br />
So, yesterday we got a strange issue that we want to convert columns to rows.<br />
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<b><u>Step 1 </u></b>- Lets check this splunk search query -<br />
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: "menlo" , "monaco" , "consolas" , "courier new" , monospace; font-size: 12.6px;">index=* | stats max(bytes) AS max, min(bytes) AS min BY host</span><br />
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: "menlo" , "monaco" , "consolas" , "courier new" , monospace; font-size: 12.6px;"><br /></span>
Please note on this image that, for same max/min values, we have 3 hosts.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvF5ZCpqdRHdRC2xpCHS2PvCD15Sxgbqg3PRMpxfOoEbK2UoFbgEJRIHTi3-cm5uMR90iKrH4bJX83wSt0V4wnrG0syG5x1cT3xYzOPWLP-YizEUTvzEcVGJNWxJl4wz6hFPakHTmpneI/s1600/Searchref_mvcombine_ex1-compressor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvF5ZCpqdRHdRC2xpCHS2PvCD15Sxgbqg3PRMpxfOoEbK2UoFbgEJRIHTi3-cm5uMR90iKrH4bJX83wSt0V4wnrG0syG5x1cT3xYzOPWLP-YizEUTvzEcVGJNWxJl4wz6hFPakHTmpneI/s1600/Searchref_mvcombine_ex1-compressor.png" /></a></div>
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<b><u>Step 2 - basic mvcombine</u></b><br />
so, we can combine these 3 rows to a single row, like this -<br />
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the command is "mvcombine" (multivalue combine) -<br />
<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: "menlo" , "monaco" , "consolas" , "courier new" , monospace; font-size: 12.6px;">index=* host=www* | stats max(bytes) AS max, min(bytes) AS min BY host | mvcombine host</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYN038UNCR5G7nY2FbkLE-nlPeVb9pMsP9w2NHcqt8d6qst0Ey8Pd6WfRgP4s3hqWYJidUQUd_doZnxFFtTvHDWbaksgSjitbQJQRC4n40xUmeDmnSk0hy-MWEuQerKbzh1uU8rg8OH_g/s1600/Searchref_mvcombine_ex1-2-compressor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="203" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYN038UNCR5G7nY2FbkLE-nlPeVb9pMsP9w2NHcqt8d6qst0Ey8Pd6WfRgP4s3hqWYJidUQUd_doZnxFFtTvHDWbaksgSjitbQJQRC4n40xUmeDmnSk0hy-MWEuQerKbzh1uU8rg8OH_g/s1600/Searchref_mvcombine_ex1-2-compressor.png" /></a></div>
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<b><u>Step 3 - you can use a delimiter </u></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: #f2faff; font-family: "proxima_nova" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">To see the output of the </span><tt style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, Courier; font-size: 14px;">delim</tt><span style="background-color: #f2faff; font-family: "proxima_nova" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> argument, you must use the </span><tt style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, Courier; font-size: 14px;">nomv</tt><span style="background-color: #f2faff; font-family: "proxima_nova" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> command immediately after the </span><tt style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, Courier; font-size: 14px;">mvcombine</tt><span style="background-color: #f2faff; font-family: "proxima_nova" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> command.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #222222; font-family: "menlo" , "monaco" , "consolas" , "courier new" , monospace; font-size: 12.6px;">index=* host=www* | stats max(bytes) AS max, min(bytes) AS min BY host | mvcombine delim="," host | nomv host</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipOEV6ERLy_tTTiTK5vOagMVznD-BvVFRcy-SiURNJWJJQgdRFx3ubPBVZMIxAnBi_CPiDE4EJP99Md6ifpeRXxnPq2h4v2MWlfviSJvxvWIyQgFCm_Z4LjABqBKs00NMqfDNDSWwDWgo/s1600/800px-7.0.0_Searchref_mvcombine_ex1-2-compressor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="203" data-original-width="804" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipOEV6ERLy_tTTiTK5vOagMVznD-BvVFRcy-SiURNJWJJQgdRFx3ubPBVZMIxAnBi_CPiDE4EJP99Md6ifpeRXxnPq2h4v2MWlfviSJvxvWIyQgFCm_Z4LjABqBKs00NMqfDNDSWwDWgo/s1600/800px-7.0.0_Searchref_mvcombine_ex1-2-compressor.png" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-46993533587960036732015-05-06T11:39:00.004-07:002015-05-06T11:39:59.277-07:00a small c programming / shell scripting quiz<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Hi There,</div>
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i got this one thru my friend and i solved it with simple paper pencil work itself.</div>
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then i thought to solve this thru a simple C or Shell program, but its still going on.. hence i thought to check with you guys...</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: #f5faf0; border: 0px; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
could you please try to write a c program / shell script to find out (maybe perl / python is good as well)<br />--- a 4 digit Car number</div>
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--- last digit is double of first digit</div>
<div style="background-color: #f5faf0; border: 0px; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
--- 2nd and 3rd digits are same.</div>
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--- last 2 digit number is double of first two digit number.</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-3815663229914832382015-01-25T19:08:00.002-08:002015-01-25T19:08:30.463-08:00photo story - little events ordinary things<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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three weeks back(written in Dec 2011) i was in hometown(tirupur, the dollar $$ city)… the rainy sesson gave me lot of photos…remember “<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_God_of_Small_Things" style="color: #141464; text-decoration: none;">the god of small things</a>” novel’s theme – “the little events, ordinary things”… these photos will resemble few little events…<strong>Please read the info, some pictures maynot <em>show </em>any meaning to <em>some</em> people. </strong>for easy commenting <img alt=";)" class="wp-smiley" src="https://c2blogs.cognizant.com/blogs/CognizantPhotographersClub/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif" style="border: none; padding: 0px;" /> i numbered the photos <img alt=";)" class="wp-smiley" src="https://c2blogs.cognizant.com/blogs/CognizantPhotographersClub/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif" style="border: none; padding: 0px;" /> … and <a href="https://c2blogs.cognizant.com/blogs/246844" style="color: #141464; text-decoration: none;" title="invent">you can invent more myself in my blog…</a></div>
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<strong><u>1. the lone star</u></strong> – the first one, which reminded my friend anand’s gtalk name – “the lone star”</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0MI-xX4-pPEfS-1ESk_S0kA3ms_aKG5-JCba0ExMu1qmvHSAev7i3QThG7hyFBbd-nrMysBCQpSS0zrXm9_0EW6csl6qoY8PiCg9AmIDxK_lAM5axSNM0rq9BY_Gq07jaPfPRa4Vq5bs/s1600/img_2122.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0MI-xX4-pPEfS-1ESk_S0kA3ms_aKG5-JCba0ExMu1qmvHSAev7i3QThG7hyFBbd-nrMysBCQpSS0zrXm9_0EW6csl6qoY8PiCg9AmIDxK_lAM5axSNM0rq9BY_Gq07jaPfPRa4Vq5bs/s1600/img_2122.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0MI-xX4-pPEfS-1ESk_S0kA3ms_aKG5-JCba0ExMu1qmvHSAev7i3QThG7hyFBbd-nrMysBCQpSS0zrXm9_0EW6csl6qoY8PiCg9AmIDxK_lAM5axSNM0rq9BY_Gq07jaPfPRa4Vq5bs/s1600/img_2122.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">2. Some years back they laid cement tar road just before my house. once, for a function, we made a small hole for supporting an iron rod pole. this time i saw that a small plant in it… i wondered “how that plant seeds found out this perfect spot!!! ”</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOfybZOe665X5I5xoglY8DEwSw3pvtOGzzwsPv7RJg93ja0YzpOH0iZ_vGTsIw9JaRoVi8Wmt3Q9-6WTP4lsqKxzi2od_O_Cx-3nObtN_qFh3n1HuP6nZLh1-ZgYFsPQXnfhKWGF2Vifg/s1600/img_2096.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOfybZOe665X5I5xoglY8DEwSw3pvtOGzzwsPv7RJg93ja0YzpOH0iZ_vGTsIw9JaRoVi8Wmt3Q9-6WTP4lsqKxzi2od_O_Cx-3nObtN_qFh3n1HuP6nZLh1-ZgYFsPQXnfhKWGF2Vifg/s1600/img_2096.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>3. TVS</u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"> – then i saw another plant thru the wheels of an abandoned TVS, my grandfather’s sun TVS it was.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd0zGAtlLv-oacrCNaz4Kj0fpBXE_J-flJ5xUiPd_LMGozbzl27FtD6aza6mUxeq4phRNf89Hi4GEUR4Vtql3TmOUs0Hb-lqTEZwjGSTdHxPabhD6BJDiG6Fxt2tPlf7l3RbR8-4CO65o/s1600/img_2123.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd0zGAtlLv-oacrCNaz4Kj0fpBXE_J-flJ5xUiPd_LMGozbzl27FtD6aza6mUxeq4phRNf89Hi4GEUR4Vtql3TmOUs0Hb-lqTEZwjGSTdHxPabhD6BJDiG6Fxt2tPlf7l3RbR8-4CO65o/s1600/img_2123.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>4. empty glass</u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"> – then, i saw an empty plastic glass, good that i took a snap of it…</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7B7ZiNRGly0_Jbk38bWIN5CHVibxFPoQjKrYA6x8megRJ__w0xSKsKHI64HOqYnUu_2zJ5kxtoofk_Nqk9BKsxYLjA9X5Trs2gPiL3kQtwSIjekZYyshMSY0-pWnbKUW_h6H2wXAkE3M/s1600/img_2187+-+Copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7B7ZiNRGly0_Jbk38bWIN5CHVibxFPoQjKrYA6x8megRJ__w0xSKsKHI64HOqYnUu_2zJ5kxtoofk_Nqk9BKsxYLjA9X5Trs2gPiL3kQtwSIjekZYyshMSY0-pWnbKUW_h6H2wXAkE3M/s1600/img_2187+-+Copy.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>5. full glass </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">- that same day night rainfall made the glass full… </span></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>6. tea cup </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">- then i saw another empty tea cup, squeezed with thumb and middle fingers. the rain water, as usual filled the empty spaces it could found…</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>7. table top mushroom</u>- </strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">i felt astonished when i saw – an abandoned table’s ply wood sheet gave place to a smal</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivQefYlDcyxrzJd9KO9ogZ6ROcTOsnJnceiuhOHvuGcoLNhWRJe_Jr-n5PzUXz2J8HtdRVdmxu0OFdZ0iklOAcn9OeGgB_x-n2P9TbxgQN2i5OlrERyzTO3eA5Yqqfas19pelI7_sZUJQ/s1600/img_2164+-+Copy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivQefYlDcyxrzJd9KO9ogZ6ROcTOsnJnceiuhOHvuGcoLNhWRJe_Jr-n5PzUXz2J8HtdRVdmxu0OFdZ0iklOAcn9OeGgB_x-n2P9TbxgQN2i5OlrERyzTO3eA5Yqqfas19pelI7_sZUJQ/s1600/img_2164+-+Copy.JPG" /></a><br />
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<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyCD4Bq3QqpFFOSg2sEp45itD_C8ybDZeuZ11HwAm3v6ylcihilrCvRAEUtIgwRZIZYQMCVoheRqDTvJx7wGv7Hq3pTaQJav2vEtFb5V2DrqyL9ey9iblp3uG-zN_64QB9te_EG7KjvaE/s1600/img_2128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>8. Inception Bell </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">- then inside home, i saw a bell inside a bell shaped hollow, which reminded me the inception movie(dream inside a dream)…</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXJqZmumGXpCMe1016RFbPB0RwdYTThvnR1sHdYXkaK9X0JLoGl1699nIOG-vOKlYLJt3hpFnf0IZhzdSBE2w-yF_6EE7-zNVC1KnmUOU1WiEKUGCfl91wLVdLRhR5LZfN_sZUU5ZEgOE/s1600/img_2242.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXJqZmumGXpCMe1016RFbPB0RwdYTThvnR1sHdYXkaK9X0JLoGl1699nIOG-vOKlYLJt3hpFnf0IZhzdSBE2w-yF_6EE7-zNVC1KnmUOU1WiEKUGCfl91wLVdLRhR5LZfN_sZUU5ZEgOE/s1600/img_2242.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>9. Inception Banana leaf </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">- and when i saw this banana leaf, once </span><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">again the inception came…</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhkRPx-sm8ny9eIQ3BMsLQla2Z4JvgvAhFziPbsMblWvDOpS_ULJlOwmTHHuNjO1wFJBnwVJa5tTeo06-i9-3Qzb5RgsWiHOP44QrEz7CEGIlyhFj-OVeeSl9rFqdqSbd1dr6umTxihM/s1600/banana-inception.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhkRPx-sm8ny9eIQ3BMsLQla2Z4JvgvAhFziPbsMblWvDOpS_ULJlOwmTHHuNjO1wFJBnwVJa5tTeo06-i9-3Qzb5RgsWiHOP44QrEz7CEGIlyhFj-OVeeSl9rFqdqSbd1dr6umTxihM/s1600/banana-inception.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>10. tooth brush </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">- then, see, how strange </span><em style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">our</em><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"> human mind co-relates !!! when i saw this </span><em style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">simple</em><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"> scene of tooth brush, i thought of a judge reading a death sentence as ”you three will be hanged till next day they brush their teeth”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz3ckuXUXLCDHAdABNXk0jDNIDxoBFVDShHmTIqTg7VYTkc5_rlsDVLm0x-vtKH75Gut1dK7fX-JY95I_OtcnY20qD0TpxlKwtc5aA3eDBPdefLz3sqUJu5f-N1qOzKGki_Bk-LzL7p7A/s1600/tooth-brush.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz3ckuXUXLCDHAdABNXk0jDNIDxoBFVDShHmTIqTg7VYTkc5_rlsDVLm0x-vtKH75Gut1dK7fX-JY95I_OtcnY20qD0TpxlKwtc5aA3eDBPdefLz3sqUJu5f-N1qOzKGki_Bk-LzL7p7A/s1600/tooth-brush.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>11. murdered lemon </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">- then last to last trip, i took this </span><em style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">murdered</em><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"> lemon photo…</span></div>
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<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9H5JN70_9DN7qY3kdeMqFib-U1cknjhHU2SOkYz_w4gn4_6KQekCjx7NHT15yiV86S5-7_5hNFWLKXlqEhSUBEnqTf7gRsijqTZ0Nlj7j36Gqa3d2zJjBfMz2zAmIbUrp4MufrnpV3qM/s1600/lemon.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9H5JN70_9DN7qY3kdeMqFib-U1cknjhHU2SOkYz_w4gn4_6KQekCjx7NHT15yiV86S5-7_5hNFWLKXlqEhSUBEnqTf7gRsijqTZ0Nlj7j36Gqa3d2zJjBfMz2zAmIbUrp4MufrnpV3qM/s1600/lemon.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>12. dead lemon – </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">and this time, they are dead, officially… </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJE7PiwUFVKxck27H02AdZ2d8eNgN6NOY-U6iPzek9m16cy3QzTuwRgLAyDbURxK1-Gwi1yeB6QeEP_mX_zNb2pBqu8p0NO9YwWrsXrqfPz36P5fGKzFVtPmKnmMzYXewyBCmTmwIMq28/s1600/lemon1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJE7PiwUFVKxck27H02AdZ2d8eNgN6NOY-U6iPzek9m16cy3QzTuwRgLAyDbURxK1-Gwi1yeB6QeEP_mX_zNb2pBqu8p0NO9YwWrsXrqfPz36P5fGKzFVtPmKnmMzYXewyBCmTmwIMq28/s1600/lemon1.JPG" /></a></div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;"><u>13. doggy – </u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-align: left;">and a doggy wanted to know what i am doing in his </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px;">territory.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkDMLwt2NgAPfZIg8ayJK-8qI6JOeu4l7vGK9yaYg_3AKPJfTPKCxwNfAPG3jHnkpxgjcR2xYVLamC3Nm6lOc8dWG3BtPBltQ-xXfRnpK0DYf-XR2Sg6XGpa4D2ZqZi9Or1k37LPJFug/s1600/img_2163.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEkDMLwt2NgAPfZIg8ayJK-8qI6JOeu4l7vGK9yaYg_3AKPJfTPKCxwNfAPG3jHnkpxgjcR2xYVLamC3Nm6lOc8dWG3BtPBltQ-xXfRnpK0DYf-XR2Sg6XGpa4D2ZqZi9Or1k37LPJFug/s1600/img_2163.JPG" /></a><div>
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px;"><u>14. Green Attack -</u></strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px;"> and you know the mummy movie scene - ”vandu” will run over a fallen man and he will become death body…i remembered that scene when i saw this cycle being attacked by small plants… i would like to call this as “Green Attack”</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlfrnm-e3gNGO14vHm9vRddnIaQbDEUBetZTDpQJ37UdnraEMWA58LZoMleCUoT8MZ3jOwZb3ro4yvuLiUuqSuigkS4yUlAB6T5IePHmU8XzQFXDWXP2BIAMreNe1QljYxs1m2apNkXVE/s1600/img_2179.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlfrnm-e3gNGO14vHm9vRddnIaQbDEUBetZTDpQJ37UdnraEMWA58LZoMleCUoT8MZ3jOwZb3ro4yvuLiUuqSuigkS4yUlAB6T5IePHmU8XzQFXDWXP2BIAMreNe1QljYxs1m2apNkXVE/s1600/img_2179.JPG" /></a><br />
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<strong style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px;"><u>15. Anbey Sivam</u> – </strong><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.1599998474121px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px;"> (apologize for my poor photography of showing the photographers shadow in the photo, i am still learning) though, lord ganesh always comes first, since the message is what important here, i kept this one for the last of this travel…அன்பு என்றும் நிலையானது. அன்பே என்றும் நிலையானது. </span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-64991440744991986132014-12-29T18:23:00.004-08:002014-12-29T18:23:51.607-08:00puzzle - quiz - average<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />its the puzzle time of quiz times of Newyork times of america:</div>
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Company C sells a line of 25 products with an average retail price of $1200.<br />if none of these products sells for less than $420 and exactly 10 of the products<br />sell for less than $1000, what is the greatest possible selling price of the most expensive product?</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
a) $2600<br />b) $3900<br />c) $7800<br />d) $11800<br />e) $18200</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-62410159201845874092014-12-18T06:26:00.001-08:002014-12-18T06:26:14.645-08:00happy birthday to sekar !!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Two three days back, near our home(to be precise <span style="line-height: 21.8880004882813px;"><i>the "rented home"</i></span><span style="line-height: 21.8880004882813px;">), saw this S shaped leaf.. so nice… God is Great, isnt?!?! .. and incidentally, yesterday the December 17th was my bday.</span></div>
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few more steps, got the second photo.. </div>
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for more on my photography, pls check my fb album, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sekar.anna.5/media_set?set=a.533537873457417.1073741837.100004036270214&type=3" style="color: #141464; text-decoration: none;">“>>></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sekar.anna.5/media_set?set=a.533537873457417.1073741837.100004036270214&type=3" style="color: #141464; line-height: 21.8880004882813px; text-decoration: none;">please check my fb album<<<"</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sekar.anna.5/media_set?set=a.533537873457417.1073741837.100004036270214&type=3" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #141464; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21.8880004882813px;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sekar.anna.5/media_set?set=a.533537873457417.1073741837.100004036270214&type=3" style="color: #141464; text-decoration: none;"></a>(if u send a friend request or a like or a comment, that would be bday gift <img alt=";)" class="wp-smiley" src="https://c2blogs.cognizant.com/blogs/CognizantPhotographersClub/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif" style="border: none; padding: 0px;" /> <img alt=";)" class="wp-smiley" src="https://c2blogs.cognizant.com/blogs/CognizantPhotographersClub/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif" style="border: none; padding: 0px;" /> )<br />sorry for the photo clarity, taken with nexus 5.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-66628411845814724092014-11-22T00:01:00.003-08:002014-11-22T00:01:43.440-08:00PEMDAS - Parentheses Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
What is the order of operations?<br />
In the United States we use an acronym called PEMDAS, which stands for Parentheses Exponents<br />
Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction. That’s the order Python follows as well.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-29780603639488003402014-09-30T22:34:00.000-07:002014-09-30T22:34:02.753-07:00Perl CPAN - Perl Modules..<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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As of Oct 1st 2014...,... </div>
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"The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) currently has<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.cpan.org/modules/index.html" style="color: #0083c1; text-decoration: none;">138,660 Perl modules</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in 30,455 distributions, written by 11,752 authors,<a href="http://www.cpan.org/SITES.html" style="color: #0083c1; text-decoration: none;">mirrored</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>on 253 servers.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
The archive has been online since October 1995 and is constantly growing".</div>
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<br /></div>
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Lets learn how to use a basic perl module and how to do some testing on them...</div>
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lets check this, for the time being, ..</div>
<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8783008/what-is-the-proper-way-to-test-perl-modules-during-development" target="_blank">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8783008/what-is-the-proper-way-to-test-perl-modules-during-development</a><br /><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
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<br /></div>
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keep laughing, keep learning...</div>
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"keep walking... johnny walker" </div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-48593535555401909492014-08-07T23:59:00.000-07:002014-08-08T00:04:04.151-07:00Cars logo and front view with clouds<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-75843819281580495142014-06-25T20:57:00.004-07:002014-06-27T11:27:41.163-07:00unix-linux grep challenge answers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<u>Lets see first 2 questions answers:</u><br />
<br />
<u><b><u><b>1. use grep to count the number of lines in a file(wc -l).</b></u></b></u>ok,
little tricky. you should match for a newline character(\n). or,
simply, we can match for everything between ^ (beginning of the line)
and $(end of the line)<br />
and count the number of matches (-c)<br />
<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# cat grep-test-file1<br />
hi123<br />
hello111<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# grep -c '^.*$' grep-test-file1<u><b></b></u><br />
2<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
<br />
<u><b>2. use grep to open a file like cat. ie, using grep, replicate the "cat filename" task (try both versions - grep and egrep)</b></u><br />
simple. match for everything on the given file.<br />
grep * filename --- will not work. single quote or double quote needed.<br />
<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# grep '*' grep-test-file<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# grep "*" grep-test-file<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# grep -e * grep-test-file (u know y this didnt work, right)<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# grep -e "*" grep-test-file ;# (egrep match for everything)<br />
hi123<br />
hello123 456<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
# grep ".*" grep-test-file ;# (grep match for everything)<br />
hi123<br />
hello123 456<br />
invent@sekar - [/home/sekar/learning]<br />
<br />
grep "." grep-test-file --- will it work? analyze and try this please.. <br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-65454328671407140812014-06-06T19:50:00.003-07:002014-06-27T07:16:19.283-07:00Unix/Linux - grep quiz - challenges - questions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
Unix / Linux - grep command quiz / questions<br />
Level - basic and intermediate.<br />
<br />
As i learnt on few sites, quiz / challenges are the best way of learning something new.<br />
Answers are in <a href="http://shellandperl.blogspot.com/2014/06/unix-linux-grep-challenge-answers.html" target="_blank">link </a>- http://shellandperl.blogspot.com/2014/06/unix-linux-grep-challenge-answers.html<br />
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<br />
1. Use grep to open a file like cat. ie, using grep, <b>replicate "cat filename" </b>task (try both versions - grep and egrep)<br />
2. use grep to count the number of lines in a file<b>(wc -l)</b>.<br />
3. use grep to <b>count </b>the number of <b>empty lines</b> in a file<br />
4. find out all<b> capital words</b> on a given file<br />
5. find out all <b>dollar values</b>($50, $10, $1, etc) on a given file<br />
6. find out all <b>US cell numbers</b>(123-456-7890, +1-123-456-7890) on a given file<br />
7. use grep to count the number of words on a given file(<b>wc -w</b>).<br />
8. grep only the <b>full words</b><br />
9. grep for<b> ip addresses</b><br />
10. take any command, for example wc, thru grep, read its man page and<b> find out its AUTHOR </b> </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-73104968338101880062014-06-03T10:11:00.002-07:002014-06-03T22:30:08.029-07:00Volkswagen Car Collections<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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i like to post my Volkswagen collection, then, as its a small car, for contrast reason, i thought to post a Limo and a truck as well... </div>
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i remembered the line - "Big Man the Laltain, Small Man the Mombatti" from that novel.</div>
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY6KujKwiH5vXxg-KNVdjIuqLtOwo23yvUiwz9kX7wOLl7UkN6lkL_ckDvY_Fp0uUYQA0xboySQylS-CL77tNyXFfljpdyyAWDRWf18-u43Ff91gCufnPPvdWVWDqnelpNybFs-1Fx58g/s1600/post-IMG_2830-small.jpg" /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-DGD7WnVGitijUwCNKO2n_QbLToJDR1BGN4LGV1O_T2Mmu-PSjo0LuYy1bR70i-VtS8VpTrkViL-M4nSucAkUURZHOr5G_63YbOKOTWmlH04BjQvy65qtGD3fL1tzTD-kf2fSJxIqAsE/s1600/post-IMG_2836-small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-DGD7WnVGitijUwCNKO2n_QbLToJDR1BGN4LGV1O_T2Mmu-PSjo0LuYy1bR70i-VtS8VpTrkViL-M4nSucAkUURZHOr5G_63YbOKOTWmlH04BjQvy65qtGD3fL1tzTD-kf2fSJxIqAsE/s1600/post-IMG_2836-small.jpg" /></a></div>
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Just for comparison, i included this truck here... <img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSc5Rtypbk5kWROu_CONvYi3GZiLOkEl_zR_pTnKfKqufa3wx6E_XSZZbAH4NeADw8UvYER1Baj7Th5ctZHt_5DGKriAne6dxb8voagLxJGv9XMSok1odeUUwUsB_Pc-yaU-Lkfk5ouJs/s1600/post-1-small.jpg" /></div>
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the yellow Cute yellow VW...<br />
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcg_xqO1VUN5T0WXtvUTuW3HKnL4oaHrSe2X7P4MjrmZWAcWQ-vyO3o9YcytGVcTlFU-Mcq5LZEa1tujSxu7srQFe3g8KRj9rOnZvrNtavjXKzqnZw9FVQRTQKKwDxHJKgWmUYHFl5Uxc/s1600/post-2-image_2-small.jpg" /></div>
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from my friend's home..<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8gwSM4NC_BUeLGwnrHwYf6qusibPwTK9CCxoGNFp_1fvNiceBbCB-AIX7stxhjPku3kkeAHuvewkyYEJ0gevYBfTPKhAt2iRjJs90DMdrzeZ_tm4WMaSBHRHKW9KxpuEOErF4BaWDx2Y/s1600/post-image_1-small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8gwSM4NC_BUeLGwnrHwYf6qusibPwTK9CCxoGNFp_1fvNiceBbCB-AIX7stxhjPku3kkeAHuvewkyYEJ0gevYBfTPKhAt2iRjJs90DMdrzeZ_tm4WMaSBHRHKW9KxpuEOErF4BaWDx2Y/s1600/post-image_1-small.jpg" /></a></div>
another red cute:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM4VWJMkPXYYx1BKXLpLb_TB2049N3KqzbyW5lNRwPy4ZV1kmoQx9jQzQe_HvWFgj0v5ChckdpXWMarwL37kWfmpN6zIRLl_L5vUmAzkfRJiPMqncwv4oAWdaO1cOdb_sr7r-gsxMu7SU/s1600/post-image_4-small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM4VWJMkPXYYx1BKXLpLb_TB2049N3KqzbyW5lNRwPy4ZV1kmoQx9jQzQe_HvWFgj0v5ChckdpXWMarwL37kWfmpN6zIRLl_L5vUmAzkfRJiPMqncwv4oAWdaO1cOdb_sr7r-gsxMu7SU/s1600/post-image_4-small.jpg" /></a></div>
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Yellow beauty front view: <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5HxbJ85VO3p_xBpXeM42PWhRguSdrjaubBDeSNf9cNd-nNuUs2nAhqXAkXuMu2M0i5zNBiJ6CtgEdB7YvjSMVeql9oy73dKAQyEiFzvHHOpepfrcOLxKJZT6mkgn5ym_e2TACL2tXfWY/s1600/post-IMG_2434-small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5HxbJ85VO3p_xBpXeM42PWhRguSdrjaubBDeSNf9cNd-nNuUs2nAhqXAkXuMu2M0i5zNBiJ6CtgEdB7YvjSMVeql9oy73dKAQyEiFzvHHOpepfrcOLxKJZT6mkgn5ym_e2TACL2tXfWY/s1600/post-IMG_2434-small.jpg" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-81370853644128757302014-05-26T20:22:00.001-07:002014-05-26T20:31:22.920-07:00Lincoln and Benz - logo - closeup<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMbFJXNfVdVpQmpF0g5oEBA07tDQ2vgv6IDlKDrLfqqCWnFTVyoyvt58xksUrMhvW7833kyHRqRr5QXX7t8d2ihMfOacSLPTcRh4kF2wLIKH8Y9if0itisyDqWQrlGoJeyk0H4b3ubFUw/s1600/benz2-for-post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMbFJXNfVdVpQmpF0g5oEBA07tDQ2vgv6IDlKDrLfqqCWnFTVyoyvt58xksUrMhvW7833kyHRqRr5QXX7t8d2ihMfOacSLPTcRh4kF2wLIKH8Y9if0itisyDqWQrlGoJeyk0H4b3ubFUw/s1600/benz2-for-post.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk_UqzcfiKpAa1ItxfrrXX8TMpn3CnCATGuaMQB2uE-lhLJtZyCQO9xOguc2YCat0v7wdW5wBVotoKjfJ29Y0koU_8fofYrnKifwb9HDKCpRpiTmRG-gblZw4GTUbRMxgLOc_TRMziqEc/s1600/benz1-for-post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk_UqzcfiKpAa1ItxfrrXX8TMpn3CnCATGuaMQB2uE-lhLJtZyCQO9xOguc2YCat0v7wdW5wBVotoKjfJ29Y0koU_8fofYrnKifwb9HDKCpRpiTmRG-gblZw4GTUbRMxgLOc_TRMziqEc/s1600/benz1-for-post.jpg" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-89693310762268862852014-05-15T05:55:00.000-07:002014-05-15T05:55:08.357-07:00Dodge SRT challenger<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Spotted a dodge SRT Challenger and caught it...<br />
have a great day, guys... <br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-86351924030337963892014-05-13T20:49:00.001-07:002014-05-13T20:49:18.411-07:00All about Linux hard links and soft links/symbolic links<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /><br />1. how to create a hard link<br /># ln target-file1 hard-link-for-target-file1<br /><br />2. you can not link two existing files. you only can create a hard link for an existing file to a new file.<br /># ln file1 file2<br />ln: creating hard link `file2' to `file1': File exists<br /><br />3. when you change target file, its hard linked file also changes<br /><br />4. when ls --color=auto, hardlink files appear green color:<br />
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<br /><br /><br /><br />5. how to find hard link files / to search for hardlinks:<br />find /path -links 3 -exec ls -ld {} \; -print <br /><br />files with less than 3 links<br />find /path -links -3 -exec ls -ld {} \; -print <br /><br />files with more than 3 links<br />find /path -links +3 -exec ls -ld {} \; -print <br /><br /><br /><br />6. when you copy a hard link target/hard link file, it just copies the current file. the copied new file will not be a hard link'ed file<br /><br />7. hard link target and hard links will have the same inode number. to find inode of the files: ls -li<br /><br /># ls -li<br />total 12<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />229419 -rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link-for-file1<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br /><br />8. when you remove a hard linked file, target is still valid. (just the hardlink count will reduce by 1)<br /><br />9. hard link not allowed for directory<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp]<br /># ln hard-soft-links dir1<br />ln: `hard-soft-links': hard link not allowed for directory<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp]<br /><br />10. hard link can not be created on two different file systems:<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/]<br /># ln /tmp/test1 /home/HL-test1<br />ln: creating hard link `/home/HL-test1' to `/tmp/test1': Invalid cross-device link<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/]<br /><br />11. You can also use the find command to search for symbolic links using the -type l find expression:<br /><br /># find /home -type l -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br /><br />12. on hard links, you can rename a file. hard links will be still valid:<br /><br />
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Soft links vs Hard links - from wiki<br />
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<br />############################<br />Soft links - Symbolic Links<br />############################<br /><br />1. create a softlink: ln -s targetfile SL-for-targetfile<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln -s testfile softlink-for-testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br />2. rename a softlink file --- the target file remains unchanged. the softlink still works as expected.<br /><br />3. rename a softlink target file --- the softlink will not work <br />(to find out this one, use "ls -H", if target is not available, it will print "?" on the file permissions)<br /><br />4. create a softlink between directories<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln -s SL-dir1 SL-for-dir1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br />5. when long listing, the softlink for a directory will have "l" on the first letter. it will not have a "d", but its still a directory, its not a regular <br /><br />file (ie, softlink for a directory is a also a "directory", not a "file")<br /><br /><br />5. ls -H and ls -l dereference<br /><br />-L, --dereference<br />when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself<br /><br />-H, --dereference-command-line<br />follow symbolic links listed on the command line<br /><br />i am not sure of this -H option. but -L is useful only. if the target file is not available, it will print "question marks" (????) for the file permissions.<br /><br /><br /># ll softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br /><br /># ls -H softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br /><br /><br /># ls -L softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br /><br />?--------- ? ? ? ? ? softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br /><br /><br />6. softlink to a hardlinked file? (softlink to a hardlinked file is still a hardlinked file, not a softlink file)<br /><br />7. how to find the softlinks<br />--------------------------------------<br />find /path -type l<br />find /path -type l -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br /><br />8. who links to me? (from a given hard link file, how to find out what other files are hard-linked to this given file)<br /><br /># find /home -samefile file1<br /># find /home -inum 229418<br /><br /><br />To find which files are hard links to a particular inode, you can use the find command and the -samefile option with a filename or the -inum option with an <br /><br />inode number, as shown in Listing 11.<br />Listing 11. Finding hard links to the same file<br /><br />To find which files link symbolically to a particular file, you can use the find command and the -lname option with a filename, as illustrated in Listing 12. <br /><br />Links may use a relative or absolute path, so you probably want a leading asterisk in the name to find all matches.<br /><br /><br />Copying versus linking<br />--------------------------<br />Depending on what you want to accomplish, sometimes you will use links and sometimes it may be better to make a copy of a file. The major difference is that <br /><br />links provide multiple names for a single file, while a copy creates two sets of identical data under two different names.<br />You would certainly use copies for backup and also for test purposes where you want to try out a new program without putting your operational data at risk. <br /><br />You use links when you need an alias for a file (or directory), possibly to provide a more convenient or shorter path. In the next section, we'll look at <br /><br />some other uses for links.<br />As you have seen, when you update a file, all the links to it see the update, which is not the case if you copy a file. You have also seen that symbolic <br /><br />links can be broken but that subsequent write operations may create a new file. Use links with care.<br /><br /><br />the uses of softlinks:<br />----------------------------<br />1. Links, especially symbolic links, are frequently used in Linux system administration. Commands are often aliased so the user does not have to know a <br /><br />version number for the current command, but can access other versions by longer names if necessary. <br />As shown in Listing 13, the gcc command is a symlink and there are three different names for it on my system.<br /><br />ian@attic4:~$ which gcc<br />/usr/bin/gcc<br />ian@attic4:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/gcc<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 2009-12-28 23:17 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-4.4<br />ian@attic4:~$ find /usr/bin -lname "*gcc-4.4"<br />/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.4<br />/usr/bin/gcc<br />/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc<br /><br /><br />
Above commands executions listed here:<br /><br />1. create a hard link<br />--------------------------<br />2. you can not link two existing files. you only can create a hard link for an existing file to a new file.<br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># touch file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># touch file2<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 0<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln file1 file2<br />ln: creating hard link `file2' to `file1': File exists<br /><br /><br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 0<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln file1 hard-link-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 0<br />-rw-rw---- 2 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rw-rw---- 2 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 hard-link-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln file1 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 0<br />-rw-rw---- 3 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rw-rw---- 3 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rw-rw---- 3 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># echo hi > file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 12<br />-rw-rw---- 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rw-rw---- 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rw-rw---- 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat hard-link-for-file1<br />hi<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br />3. when you change target file, its hard linked file also changes:<br />--------------------------------------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># chmod 777 hard-link-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 12<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />4. when ls --color=auto, hardlink files appear green color:<br />--------------------------------------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ls --color=auto<br />file1 file2 hard-link-for-file1 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br />5. to find hard links / to search for hardlinks:<br />--------------------------------------------------------------------<br />find . -links 3 -exec ls -l {} \; -print <br /><br /><br />these two forms are not working as expected. `man find` does not say anything about this. looks like this feature is not available on find. <br />files with less than 3 links<br />find . -links -3 -print <br /><br />files with more than 3 links<br />find . -links +3 -print <br /><br />find . -links +3 -exec ls -l {} \; -print <br /><br />find /home -links +9 ---actully listing directories as well..<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find . -links +2 -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 ./hard-link2-for-file1<br />./hard-link2-for-file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 ./file1<br />./file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 ./hard-link-for-file1<br />./hard-link-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find . -links 2 -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br />total 12<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link2-for-file1<br />.<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find . -links -2 -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 ./file2<br />./file2<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />6. when you copy a hard link target/hard link file, it just copies the current file. the copied new file will not be a hard link'ed file<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cp hard-link-for-file1 hard-link-for-file1-new<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 16<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rwxrwx--- 1 root esm 3 May 2 23:53 hard-link-for-file1-new<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cp file1 cp-test<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwx--- 1 root esm 3 May 2 23:53 cp-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rwxrwx--- 1 root esm 3 May 2 23:53 hard-link-for-file1-new<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 3 May 2 23:28 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat cp-test<br />hi<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat hard-link-for-file1-new<br />hi<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br />#<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># echo hello >> file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwx--- 1 root esm 3 May 2 23:53 cp-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link-for-file1<br />-rwxrwx--- 1 root esm 3 May 2 23:53 hard-link-for-file1-new<br />-rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat cp-test<br />hi<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat hard-link-for-file1-new<br />hi<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br />7. inode of the hard linked files:<br />-------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ls -li<br />total 12<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />229419 -rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link-for-file1<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br />#<br /><br />8. when you remove a hard linked file, target is still valid:<br />----------------------------------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ls -li<br />total 12<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />229419 -rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link-for-file1<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># rm hard-link-for-file1<br />rm: remove regular file `hard-link-for-file1'? y<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 8<br />-rwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />-rwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ls -li<br />total 8<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />229419 -rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># rm file1<br />rm: remove regular file `file1'? y<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ls -li<br />total 4<br />229419 -rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat hard-link2-for-file1<br />hi<br />hello<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br />#<br /><br /><br />9. hard link not allowed for directory<br />---------------------------------------<br /><br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll -i<br />total 12<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />229419 -rw-rw---- 1 root esm 0 May 2 23:26 file2<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 3 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cd ..<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp]<br /># ll<br />total 4<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 3 00:00 hard-soft-links<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp]<br /># ln hard-soft-links dir1<br />ln: `hard-soft-links': hard link not allowed for directory<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp]<br /><br /><br /><br />10. Invalid cross-device link<br />hard link can not be created on two different file systems:<br />----------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/]<br /># touch /tmp/test1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/]<br /># ln /tmp/test1 /home/HL-test1<br />ln: creating hard link `/home/HL-test1' to `/tmp/test1': Invalid cross-device link<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/]<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />11. You can also use the find command to search for symbolic links using the -type l find expression:<br />---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br /># find /home -type l -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 /home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />/home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 /home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL -> HL-file1-renamed<br />/home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 /home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-renamed-softlink -> HL-file1-renamed<br />/home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-renamed-softlink<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 /home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />/home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 /home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />/home/esm/09119364/hard-soft-links/SL-for-dir1<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />12. on hard links, you can rename a file. hard links will be still valid:<br />-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 16<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># mv HL-file1 HL-file1-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 16<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ls -li<br />total 16<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />229418 -rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat HL-file1-renamed<br />hi<br />hello<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br /><br />1. create a softlink<br />-------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># touch testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># echo hello >> testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln -s testfile softlink-for-testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />2. rename a softlink file<br />----------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># mv softlink-for-testfile softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br /><br />3. rename a softlink target file<br />--------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># mv testfile testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 20<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># mv testfile-renamed testfile<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />hello<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># mv testfile testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />cat: softlink-for-testfile-renamed: No such file or directory<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />4. create a softlink between directories(when ll, will it have l or d as the first letter?)<br />-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln -s SL-dir1 SL-for-dir1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 24<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 5 09:24 SL-dir1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cd SL-dir1/<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/SL-dir1]<br /># touch hi<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/SL-dir1]<br /># cd -<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll SL-for-dir1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cd SL-for-dir1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/SL-for-dir1]<br /># cd ..<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># cat SL-for-dir1<br />cat: SL-for-dir1: Is a directory<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />5. ls -H and ls -l dereference<br />-------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll -H<br />total 24<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink -> HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL -> HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 5 09:25 SL-dir1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll -L<br />total 40<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed-softlink<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 5 09:25 SL-dir1<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 5 09:25 SL-for-dir1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 softlink-for-file1<br />?--------- ? ? ? ? ? softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 24<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink -> HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL -> HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 5 09:25 SL-dir1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br /><br />6. softlink to a hardlinked file? (softlink to a hardlinked file is still a hardlinked file, not a softlink file)<br />-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln -s HL-file1-renamed HL-file1-renamed-softlink<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 24<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink -> HL-file1-renamed<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-test<br />drwxrws--- 2 root esm 4096 May 5 09:25 SL-dir1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 file1<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 hard-link2-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />-rw-rw---- 1 root esm 6 May 5 09:21 testfile-renamed<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ln HL-file1-renamed-softlink HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># ll<br />total 24<br />-rwxrwxrwx 4 root esm 9 May 2 23:54 HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink -> HL-file1-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 2 root esm 16 May 5 09:32 HL-file1-renamed-softlink-HL -> HL-file1-renamed<br /><br /><br />7. using find to locate softlinks<br />--------------------------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find /home/sandp/ -type l<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/SL-for-dir1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find /home/sandp/ -type l -exec ls -l {} \; -print<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 8 May 5 09:21 /home/sandp/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-testfile-renamed -> testfile<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-testfile-renamed<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 5 May 5 09:20 /home/sandp/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-file1 -> file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/softlink-for-file1<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root esm 7 May 5 09:24 /home/sandp/hard-soft-links/SL-for-dir1 -> SL-dir1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/SL-for-dir1<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />8. who links to me?<br />-----------------------<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find /home -samefile file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/hard-link2-for-file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-renamed<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-test<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /># find /home -inum 229418<br />/home/oracle/PerlLib/Mail/.svn<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/hard-link2-for-file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/file1<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-renamed<br />/home/sandp/hard-soft-links/HL-file1-test<br />root@sandp - TEST - MLM [/home/sandp/hard-soft-links]<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />To find which files are hard links to a particular inode, you can use the find command and the -samefile option with a filename or the -inum option with an <br /><br />inode number, as shown in Listing 11.<br />Listing 11. Finding hard links to the same file<br /><br />To find which files link symbolically to a particular file, you can use the find command and the -lname option with a filename, as illustrated in Listing 12. <br /><br />Links may use a relative or absolute path, so you probably want a leading asterisk in the name to find all matches.<br /><br /><br />ian@attic4:~$ find lpi104-6 -samefile lpi104-6/file1<br />lpi104-6/subdir/file3sub<br />lpi104-6/file3<br />lpi104-6/file1<br />ian@attic4:~$ ls -i lpi104-6/file1<br />1680103 lpi104-6/file1<br />ian@attic4:~$ find lpi104-6 -inum 1680103<br />lpi104-6/subdir/file3sub<br />lpi104-6/file3<br />lpi104-6/file1<br /><br /><br /><br />Copying versus linking<br />--------------------------<br />Depending on what you want to accomplish, sometimes you will use links and sometimes it may be better to make a copy of a file. The major difference is that <br /><br />links provide multiple names for a single file, while a copy creates two sets of identical data under two different names.<br />You would certainly use copies for backup and also for test purposes where you want to try out a new program without putting your operational data at risk. <br /><br />You use links when you need an alias for a file (or directory), possibly to provide a more convenient or shorter path. In the next section, we'll look at <br /><br />some other uses for links.<br />As you have seen, when you update a file, all the links to it see the update, which is not the case if you copy a file. You have also seen that symbolic <br /><br />links can be broken but that subsequent write operations may create a new file. Use links with care.<br /><br /><br /><br />the uses of softlinks:<br />----------------------------<br />1. Links, especially symbolic links, are frequently used in Linux system administration. Commands are often aliased so the user does not have to know a <br /><br />version number for the current command, but can access other versions by longer names if necessary. <br />As shown in Listing 13, the gcc command is a symlink and there are three different names for it on my system.<br /><br />ian@attic4:~$ which gcc<br />/usr/bin/gcc<br />ian@attic4:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/gcc<br />lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 2009-12-28 23:17 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-4.4<br />ian@attic4:~$ find /usr/bin -lname "*gcc-4.4"<br />/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.4<br />/usr/bin/gcc<br />/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc<br /><br /><br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-7248407163485084792014-05-13T09:23:00.002-07:002014-05-13T09:23:20.637-07:00happy mothers day<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
கொஞ்சம் late ஆகிடுச்சு.. மன்னிச்சுக்குங்க.. <br />
Happy Mothers day...<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1iShyfbfZaYQxsnmtaPccKV1u81f-z-CXsoteS0YuLZ9EjcJrvJoYSxSwN1Bb5fttnvfMhZAjh_6z0UOva6JD91uR4CEJrZABhJTxW34tmvUqP100rS5rnXedab-O9IOVsii9qd5I2WA/s1600/Child+-mothers-day.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1iShyfbfZaYQxsnmtaPccKV1u81f-z-CXsoteS0YuLZ9EjcJrvJoYSxSwN1Bb5fttnvfMhZAjh_6z0UOva6JD91uR4CEJrZABhJTxW34tmvUqP100rS5rnXedab-O9IOVsii9qd5I2WA/s1600/Child+-mothers-day.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-24693609701072694892014-04-24T08:06:00.001-07:002014-04-24T08:06:41.764-07:00Murphy's law and linux kernel newbie<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgUp4Q9V7C0DwEKKA9onsfFsddXgIuf-wq9x4GVdzjNrWLggzdq-uAnIePaidu_k4zuygRegPjT6SY5khE7p-34qaaGbXpWo_EYc6xbRySuFI4jGqx4mBV4ObFyw4B31mw5SjUc9Id5u4/s1600/linux-newbie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgUp4Q9V7C0DwEKKA9onsfFsddXgIuf-wq9x4GVdzjNrWLggzdq-uAnIePaidu_k4zuygRegPjT6SY5khE7p-34qaaGbXpWo_EYc6xbRySuFI4jGqx4mBV4ObFyw4B31mw5SjUc9Id5u4/s1600/linux-newbie.jpg" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-57453935932042440662014-04-23T06:53:00.000-07:002014-04-23T06:53:14.023-07:00the fountainhead novel - photos..<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
do you know the fountainhead novel?!?! if not, please check this wiki - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fountainhead<br />
here are some photos i have taken that relating to this great novel. one more photo-story related to our Arundhati Roy's God of small things is on the way...<br />
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the fountainhead, in simple terms, it means a water jet. <br />
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the whole novel is about buildings, architecture and much more actually. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8eLqJyQ8aXhdUt6AOu4y1PBXQFtVqPTMDfO-3gTlcG5ltRbvrorSUjwj9Kr3p1ObFJEMaQmF9xcBdfQCfunSDfXHSJSMOP6mrauH7GBKK4H7p7Gcw1kZvsad6SnQhiuIJ8zov00j_y-s/s1600/2-the-fountainhead-building.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8eLqJyQ8aXhdUt6AOu4y1PBXQFtVqPTMDfO-3gTlcG5ltRbvrorSUjwj9Kr3p1ObFJEMaQmF9xcBdfQCfunSDfXHSJSMOP6mrauH7GBKK4H7p7Gcw1kZvsad6SnQhiuIJ8zov00j_y-s/s1600/2-the-fountainhead-building.jpg" /></a></div>
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on the climax, hero will be standing on top of the building. and the novel's closing quotes are:<br />
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The line of the ocean cut the sky. The ocean mounted as the city descended. She<br />passed the pinnacles of bank buildings. She passed the crowns of courthouses.<br />She rose above the spires of churches.<br /><br />
Then there was only the ocean and the sky and the figure of Howard Roark.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-80072397863049816392014-04-22T06:38:00.000-07:002014-04-22T06:38:11.355-07:00Some people never noticed him at all<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Over time he had acquired the ability to blend into the background of wherever he was—into bookshelves, gardens, curtains, doorways, streets—to appear inanimate, almost invisible to the untrained eye. </div>
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It usually took strangers a while to notice him even when they were in the same room with him. It took them even longer to notice that he never spoke. Some never noticed at all. Estha occupied very little space in the world.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-52527778923851021152014-04-20T07:39:00.004-07:002014-04-20T07:39:59.810-07:00the veg mosquito <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
i have never seen a mosquito drinking blood from a flower... until...<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-12261697032444922112014-04-18T03:06:00.000-07:002014-04-18T03:06:15.814-07:00Good Friday<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #efefef; color: #444444; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.88800048828125px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">On this Good Friday may we never forget the true meaning of Easter – ‘For when He was on the cross, I was on His mind.’</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-20476296793571545572014-04-17T04:30:00.002-07:002014-04-17T04:33:30.783-07:00How BMW Cars and Shark Fish are related?!?!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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As usual, as many people, i became crazy for cars, too. </div>
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When i see BMW’s repeatedly for many days and many times, though its strange, i remembered the Shark fish somehow. </div>
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Did google'ing little and found its true that BMW guys inspired their design from Shark fish only. </div>
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Let me give you my photo of a BMW: </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsAhPo_DhNs7wwBXjRWhyphenhyphenTgp3MMRLm9ZMnO_r9ChaVhcLr7QulPByIkbBvAFB4oFJFAFF1jqfxh_G4SIranG91GGrSFvU9Q-1ADD_0WicAn6_zSEeBEx00fijW0N5Y4saY1q47NM7PXkc/s1600/bmw-side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsAhPo_DhNs7wwBXjRWhyphenhyphenTgp3MMRLm9ZMnO_r9ChaVhcLr7QulPByIkbBvAFB4oFJFAFF1jqfxh_G4SIranG91GGrSFvU9Q-1ADD_0WicAn6_zSEeBEx00fijW0N5Y4saY1q47NM7PXkc/s1600/bmw-side.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></div>
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and the below Shark's photo is from Google, of course.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh86dIS7QcQkapHNB0c3r1JK-6ZSWsrs39pOHZVjoM0WBgPQhjgNDqIFL-3QkiPwu9yy4IH0kPvRpvJjaZsdqIjpg7kcVWLAzKGNMK5JGCCGtjYflV3A6__Q-ukJ6F-jqMLV307fsdYWYY/s1600/shark-fish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh86dIS7QcQkapHNB0c3r1JK-6ZSWsrs39pOHZVjoM0WBgPQhjgNDqIFL-3QkiPwu9yy4IH0kPvRpvJjaZsdqIjpg7kcVWLAzKGNMK5JGCCGtjYflV3A6__Q-ukJ6F-jqMLV307fsdYWYY/s1600/shark-fish.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></div>
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<u><b>Bmw Nose:</b></u> </div>
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and this is front part of the BMW design is called "bmw nose". For further Ref: <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The shark nose first appeared on the BMW 1500, then on to the BMW 2002, the 3.0 CS/3.0 Csi, and Every 3-, 5-, 6-, and 7-series BMW thereafter. and from bmwblog.com, RayS wrote this comment on 4yrs ago(Dec 7 2009) "</span></div>
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: #3f4549; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">I think BMW is now realizing that the "shark" design back in the 90's was really an excellent design. They tried moving away from that design by going with the "flat nose" - it didn't work. Now they are evolving slowly back to the shark nose design, such as the CS concept. That is an excellent bet. Kudos!"</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlZtluNSBXTjBh7aCB1yFujtj0W2u4Vr9rzq3IJzTDyFbVKeaLzi9PQGDSAT7a74T3NAK_IoAEG-mRKR6QBU97C5B0oDNZTgTkuKg5ECOsFWyBsQIMpQcwMb29350-B5YsgtXkYCoa-ow/s1600/bmw-nose.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlZtluNSBXTjBh7aCB1yFujtj0W2u4Vr9rzq3IJzTDyFbVKeaLzi9PQGDSAT7a74T3NAK_IoAEG-mRKR6QBU97C5B0oDNZTgTkuKg5ECOsFWyBsQIMpQcwMb29350-B5YsgtXkYCoa-ow/s1600/bmw-nose.jpg" /></a></div>
and it came, simply from Shark's teeth's... for easy comparison i paste this cartoon pic:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpv6HeNcZdAk71AoACHraeXJIbJ0jJh7KiyFzrUqC6VH4USaNrdkzAUGNnpSPmQ4-34v11Ef5LbXkeBNSImgIM9k_ifb2EKV_aFQ5MxbqYIBa2Gcu_oMPU6wiUUbyWnuxL-IrJ3YYZ1Y/s1600/shark-poker-fish-shark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpv6HeNcZdAk71AoACHraeXJIbJ0jJh7KiyFzrUqC6VH4USaNrdkzAUGNnpSPmQ4-34v11Ef5LbXkeBNSImgIM9k_ifb2EKV_aFQ5MxbqYIBa2Gcu_oMPU6wiUUbyWnuxL-IrJ3YYZ1Y/s1600/shark-poker-fish-shark.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
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and this yellow circled part is called as "Shark Fin Antenna" (other brands like dodge, volkswagan, lexus also uses the same fin antenna. so, i am not sure which brand first discovered the fin antenna, but i feel as its name is Shark fin antenna and as bmw inherited two other above designs from shark, there is more possibility that bmw only first used the shark's fin antenna. maybe.)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhHVPaBC_DFhmAdDw7eAs9WOsNDOUc4tr0k_4axMqNNr8E7kuNwFL__ZXp69DkPP_2Vyat8XtTsqCfiHFDIWl5QkI9Uyw2KdAP39L5V3FskoXPq2DZrrZeQa47FxSws8ViRmBgM9Kd-jU/s1600/bmw-shark-fin-antena.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhHVPaBC_DFhmAdDw7eAs9WOsNDOUc4tr0k_4axMqNNr8E7kuNwFL__ZXp69DkPP_2Vyat8XtTsqCfiHFDIWl5QkI9Uyw2KdAP39L5V3FskoXPq2DZrrZeQa47FxSws8ViRmBgM9Kd-jU/s1600/bmw-shark-fin-antena.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-79424557154864913642014-04-15T20:19:00.003-07:002014-04-15T20:19:37.914-07:00Car wheels photography<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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I took this one when i was in Florida. my favorite pic of a car.<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDekqf21-sX0D0zPq9hgfnSUf965x9OYRkCDHl7ETVl3uGyxQM-eDI-CHP5TFiTK-pu35Q5LsA0B5LpKDI4pelFNoXVvedDlfq4wcFpqiQKEpj9BjQql2IPtWuEnMFBY7NDC3jAbWCx0k/s1600/2-640x480.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></div>
now <i>"wheels photography"</i><br />
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the audi's wheel is Coool, right<br />
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how sweet!!! <br />
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i think this one is called as Charger, but i am not sure.<br />
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Corvette... looks little funny, isnt..<br />
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Hummer wheel.. <br />
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Must have this Mustang Car...<br />
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Kia...<br />
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Lincoln...<br />
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thunderbird...<br />
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Volvo... <br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-35977145618093079772014-03-28T20:09:00.000-07:002014-03-28T20:09:17.740-07:00Do you need Linux command line power Right Now? - SimpleShell<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-44424004148716881362014-03-19T06:41:00.003-07:002014-03-19T06:41:37.635-07:00S&P 4 – loops in backgrond<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Came to know recently that even loops, similar to running a command, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">can run</span> on background.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
Adding a "&" makes a command to run in background. Similar to that, even loops can be run on background.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
#!/bin/bash</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# background-loop.sh</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 # First loop.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
do</div>
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echo -n “$i “</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
sleep 1 # we will need to test with this sleep and without this sleep</div>
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done & # Run this loop in background.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# Will sometimes execute after second loop.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
echo first loop # This ‘echo’ sometimes will not display.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
for i in 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 # Second loop. </div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
do</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
echo -n “$i “</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
sleep 1 # we will need to test with this sleep and without this sleep</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> done</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
echo # This ‘echo’ sometimes will not display.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# ======================================================</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# without the sleep 1, <b>the expected output from the script</b>:</div>
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# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# Sometimes, though, you get:</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 bozo $</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# (The second ‘echo’ doesn’t execute. Why?)</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# Occasionally also:</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# (The first ‘echo’ doesn’t execute. Why?)</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# Very rarely something like:</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 14 15 16 17 18 19 20</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
# The foreground loop preempts the background one.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
exit 0</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
with that sleep 1, its really funny.</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7222862254031943106.post-30754191344063536412014-03-12T22:34:00.002-07:002014-03-12T22:34:52.566-07:00S&P 3 - tail and head to show lines middle of the file / head - tail command to show lines in between x and y<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">A close friend of mine asked me - which command will show the lines in between 90 and 100?<br /><br />looks like a simple question, isnt. but its a tricky one.<br /><br /><u><b>He gave me the choices as well:</b></u><br />1. tail -n 90-100 file<br />2. head -n 100 | tail -n 10<br />3. head -n 90-100 file<br />4. list -n 90-100 file<br /><br />after seeing the choices, it is confusing, isnt?!?!<br /><br />ok, lets remember these 5 rules:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: monospace;">rule 1. head -20 <filename> ---will show first 20 lines of the <filename>.<br />rule 2. tail -20 <filename> ---will show the last 20 lines of the <filename><br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: monospace;">3. remember a rule, head or tail, dont work with just the numbers. the numbers should have a minus sign or plus sign. <br />(if you try head 20 filename, it will look for a filename 20 and secondfile filename, and it will show first ten lines from both file, provided that a file <br /><br />exists with the name "20". or it will say, "20" file does not exist and it will show the first ten lines of the filename)<br />head <N> <filename><br />tail <N> <filename><br /><br />4. in case of head, avoid "+n"<br /><br /><u><b>to summarize:</b></u><br /><br />tail n <filename> ==> it wont work<br />tail -n <filename> =======> will show last "n" lines<br />tail +n <filename> (rule 5, please check below)<br /><br />head -n <filename> =======> will show first "n" lines<br />head +n <filename> ==> it wont work<br />head n <filename> ==> it wont work<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: monospace;">rule 5. tail +n <filename> will show the file starting from line n, till the end of the file. please note it looks like it works only on Posix standard tail. so, <br />better to avoid this as well.<br /><br /><br />ok now, to show the lines in between 90 to 100:<br />-- show first 100 lines, cut out and show only last ten lines(90 to 100)<br />head -100 <filename> | tail -10<br /></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1